- HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the body fight infections.
- AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is the final stage of HIV infection, where the immune system is badly damaged and becomes vulnerable to opportunistic infections or certain cancers.
HIV spreads through contact with certain body fluids such as:
- Blood
- Semen (including pre-seminal fluid)
- Vaginal fluids
- Rectal fluids
- Breast milk
Ways HIV is Transmitted
- Unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected person.
- Sharing needles or syringes.
- From mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
- Transfusion of infected blood or blood products.
- Occupational exposure (e.g., needlestick injuries in healthcare settings).
Prevention of HIV/AIDS
1. Safe Sexual Practices
- Use condoms consistently and correctly.
- Get tested regularly and know your partner’s HIV status.
- Reduce the number of sexual partners.
- Consider Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for high-risk individuals.
- Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) within 72 hours after possible exposure.
2. Avoid Sharing Needles
- Never share syringes or needles.
- Use needle-exchange programs and supervised injection services if needed.
3. Regular Testing and Early Treatment
- Early detection through HIV testing allows prompt treatment.
- Antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps people with HIV live long, healthy lives and reduces the risk of transmission (U=U: Undetectable = Untransmittable).
4. Safe Blood Supply
- Ensure blood transfusions use screened and safe blood.
5. Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission
- Pregnant women should get tested early.
- ART during pregnancy and delivery can prevent transmission to the baby.
6. Education and Awareness
- Community-based education helps reduce stigma and increase preventive behavior.
- Promoting comprehensive sexual education.